Fenomena matematika berawal dari fenomena alam yang ada di Mesopotamia, Babilonia, India, China, dan Mesir Kuno. Kontradiksi dari fenomena adalah noumena. Menurut Emanuel Kant noumena adalah sesuatu yang tidak mampu dipikirkan. Sejarah berkembangnya filsafat dari hermenitika dibagi menjadi dua yaitu ada yang bersifat tetap dan bersifat berubah. Tokoh filsafat yang mengatakan bahwa sesuatu itu bersifat tetap adalah Phermenides. Noumena yang bersifat tetap mempunyai hukum identitas, bersifat absolute dan koheren atau berfikir menggunakan pengalaman. Sedangkan tokoh filsafat yang mengatakan bahwa sesuatu itu bersifat berubah adalah Heraclitos. Karena terikat dengan ruang dan waktu maka noumena yang bersifat berubah ini hukum kontradiksi,plural, bersifat relatif dan korespondensi atau berfikir menggunakan pengalaman. Dari yangtetap dan berubah tersebut terdapat solusi atau cara matematika yang di kembangkan menjadi rumus yang akan berubah atau tetap sesuai dengan ruang dan waktunya. Tokoh-tokoh filsafat yang juga menjadi tokoh dalam matematika diantaranya adalah Euclides, Hilbert, Godel, dll. Euclides mengemukakan bahwa geometri secara aksiomatis. Hilbert membangun matematika menggunakan dasar-dasar seperti definisi dan aksioma sehingga matematika menjadi sistem yang tunggal, lengkap, konsisten, bersifat formal, aksiomatis, dan plural matematika. Sedangkan Godel yang merupakan kontradiksi dari Hilbert mengatakan bahwa segala sesuatu itu adalah pikiranmu sendiri.
Di Indonesia sekarang ini lebih banyak dikuasai/didominasi oleh Hilbertianism, matematika aksiomatis, matematika logika, matematika formal, dan matematika perguruan tinggi. Indonesia menggunakan sistem UN yang bersifat absolutis. Sebenarnya pembaharuan bisa saja dilakukan untuk mengganti UN yang diyakini hanya akan menyiutkan mental siswa. Seperti apa yang disampaikan oleh Pak Marsigit dalam blognya, dalam tulisan yang berjudul surat terbuka untuk presiden, beliau mengusulkan bahwa sebaiknya program UN diganti dengan Pronasminrasa (program nasional menumbuhkan minat dan rasa senang belajar pada siswa). Itu merupakan salah satu contoh pembaharuan yang bisa dilakukan untuk menggantikan UN.
Di dalam filsafat ada kebutuhan untuk memikirkan secara intensif dan ekstensif. Misalnya angka 2 (dua), sesungguhnya angka 2 tidak bisa didefinisikan kecuali apabila dikaitkan dengan angka lainnya. Pada hakekatnya angka 2 hanya bisa di pahami dalam filsafat karena pada hakekatnya setiap hal itu sesuai dengan ruang dan waktu. Misalnya lagi 2+1=…?, dalam matematika (+) merupakan sebuah operasi dan hal itu merupakan proses, potensi, hasil yang menonjol, dan hasil itulah fakta sesungguhnya. Tetapi dalam filsafat 2+1=…? belum tentu memiliki solusi, karena tiadalah segala sesuatu itu sama di dunia ini karena ruang dan waktunya merupakan abstraksi bagi yang dianggap mempunyai kuantitas sama.
Dalam belajar filsafat segala sesuatu itu bukan mengenai benar dan salah tetapi mengenai bagaimana kita mampu menjelaskannya. Ambil contoh lagi yaitu 2x+3y=7, setiap orang mempunyai caranya sendiri-sendiri untuk mendefinisikan 2x+3y=7. Dalam filsafat juga mempunyai banyak pengertian, salah stu contohnya jika diketahui 2 buah variabel yang diperoleh dari proses tertentu dinamakan x dan y. jika potensi yang ada dalam proses x ada dua dan yang ada dalam proses y ada 3 akan mempunyai abstraksi dari besaran yang diidentifikasikan dengan 2.
Wednesday, April 27, 2011
Thursday, April 14, 2011
Hubungan titik dengan ruwatan
Saya bisa mempunyai kesadaran di dalam ruang dan waktu. Dimana dengan kesadaran tersebut saya bisa memberi makna segala sesuatu. Di sini saya mengambil contoh sebuah titik. Dari sebuah titik kita bisa memberikan makna misalnya sebagai potensi dan fakta. Sebagai potensi titik meliputi yang ada dan yang mungkin ada. Dalam dunia abstraksi yang diterangkan dengan ideal titik bisa berpotensi menjadi garis, bidang, lingkaran, balok, kubus, dan bahkan bisa berpotensi menjadi segala macam bentuk yang tak beraturan. Titik hanya salah satu yang ada dan yang mungkin ada yang diabstraksi yang melengkapi saya dalam membangun dunia.
Kesadaran selalu berkembang menurut ruang dan waktunya. Misalnya dalam pendidikan : titik dan garis adalah separuh dunia, sedangkan separuh dunia yang lain bisa berarti bak atau kubus yang berisi air, bisa juga berarti bongkahan batu dari gunung berapi.
Limas terpancung yang ada di balok ada dalam kenyataan sedangkan limas terpancung yang ada di batu nisan ada dalam pikiran. Karena ada pikiran dan kenyataan maka muncul mitos dan logos.
Bagi yang tidak pernah membaca elegi dan tidak pernah comment maka akan selalu berfikir mitos, misalnya dalam kepercayaan orang jawa jika punya tiga anak dan anak laki-laki diapit oleh anak perempuan (sendang kapit pancuran) maka menurut kepercayaan orang jawa, itu tidak baik dan harus diruwat, jika tidak diadakan ritual ruwatan maka akan dimakan batara kala atau akan bernasib buruk, jadi harus diruwat misalnya dengan mengadakan wayangan satu malam suntuk. Ada lagi mitos jawa misalnya masyarakat jawa yang mempunyai anak perempuan tidak pernah merawat bunga bougenville karena menurut mitos anak perempuannya tidak akan berbunga. Yang ada dan yang mungkin ada melekat pada diri kita sendiri dari atas sampai bawah.
Kebudayaan jawa tidak sepenuhnya adalah mitos, semuanya tergantung dari diri kita masing-masing apakah mau dijadikan tuntunan atau tontonan..
Kesadaran selalu berkembang menurut ruang dan waktunya. Misalnya dalam pendidikan : titik dan garis adalah separuh dunia, sedangkan separuh dunia yang lain bisa berarti bak atau kubus yang berisi air, bisa juga berarti bongkahan batu dari gunung berapi.
Limas terpancung yang ada di balok ada dalam kenyataan sedangkan limas terpancung yang ada di batu nisan ada dalam pikiran. Karena ada pikiran dan kenyataan maka muncul mitos dan logos.
Bagi yang tidak pernah membaca elegi dan tidak pernah comment maka akan selalu berfikir mitos, misalnya dalam kepercayaan orang jawa jika punya tiga anak dan anak laki-laki diapit oleh anak perempuan (sendang kapit pancuran) maka menurut kepercayaan orang jawa, itu tidak baik dan harus diruwat, jika tidak diadakan ritual ruwatan maka akan dimakan batara kala atau akan bernasib buruk, jadi harus diruwat misalnya dengan mengadakan wayangan satu malam suntuk. Ada lagi mitos jawa misalnya masyarakat jawa yang mempunyai anak perempuan tidak pernah merawat bunga bougenville karena menurut mitos anak perempuannya tidak akan berbunga. Yang ada dan yang mungkin ada melekat pada diri kita sendiri dari atas sampai bawah.
Kebudayaan jawa tidak sepenuhnya adalah mitos, semuanya tergantung dari diri kita masing-masing apakah mau dijadikan tuntunan atau tontonan..
Wednesday, December 30, 2009
My small research of a junior high school students about learning mathematics
That the object in my small research is child's 2nd grade junior high school. He said that learning math is easy bother.
Difficulty in translating the meaning of mathematical problems, such as stories about times he had difficulty in understanding the problem and consequently he could not do, even if it could be the answer sometimes does not match what is in command.
Easy if the problem is given quite short and certainly not like about the story at length.
How he studied mathematics is to reproduce exercises. because if only by rote without in Balance with training, learning mathematics will feel hard. learning mathematics should be gradual, because if you only learned a couple of times just can not, except mathematics in relation to one each other. He had no experience of it. That time the school was a final exam. The first day of the exam schedule is a math and IPS. At night he first learned that IPS material enough. after that he was just learning math. Because it is sleepy he studied mathematics only just read without exercises. And the next day when he confused the test could not do. Since then he realized that learning mathematics should.
Difficulty in translating the meaning of mathematical problems, such as stories about times he had difficulty in understanding the problem and consequently he could not do, even if it could be the answer sometimes does not match what is in command.
Easy if the problem is given quite short and certainly not like about the story at length.
How he studied mathematics is to reproduce exercises. because if only by rote without in Balance with training, learning mathematics will feel hard. learning mathematics should be gradual, because if you only learned a couple of times just can not, except mathematics in relation to one each other. He had no experience of it. That time the school was a final exam. The first day of the exam schedule is a math and IPS. At night he first learned that IPS material enough. after that he was just learning math. Because it is sleepy he studied mathematics only just read without exercises. And the next day when he confused the test could not do. Since then he realized that learning mathematics should.
The Power of Category and Networking
Category and networking have related one else.Nature of my self is psychology. Where, consist of: (according Imanuel Kant ,1771)
1. Qualitative
2. Quantitative
3. Category
4. Relationship
1.Quantitative
Basic of quantitative is
- Plural
- Partial
- Singular ( Object observation psychology is when children knowing about sum)
2. Qualitative
Elementary from qualitative is:
- Universal
- Partial
- Unique
3.Category
Category start from phenomena until noumena.
Phenomena is event in reality , and noumena is event not reality.
Sequence category from:
• Noumena
Category comes from categorization that is:
Noumena
Noumena in subdividing to become reference, knowledge, and idea. In reference there is criteria in by it there are category and networking. Categorized itself still divided into some categories again. For example, definition, function, purpose, component, etc. From altogether that must in highlighting ideas causing yields your work in by it is be exist:
1. Title
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. The power of category
5. The power of networking
6. The relationship between category and networking
7. Conclusion
8. References
Category and networking without highlighting is rubbish.
Phenomena
The phenomena of mathematics education is having initial from intension or attention and sure there are awareness and there are also abstraction, idealisation, category, and networking.
Movement of the different man character of fickle something ( deconstructive ) and also there is permanent ( rutinity ).
The mathematics there are two that is vertical ( abstraction ) and horizontal ( concrete). In mathematics education itself in it there is attitude, method and content which all the things can be interfaced to in mathematics in vertical and also in horizontal.
In this world there is no minimum unique principle there are two principles. Non the principle also is principle. And there is no in this world which is not correlated because the answer told and thought of. that is the power of networking.
• Reference
• Knowledge
• Idea
• Phenomena
Category is one of thinking method. Criteria consist of category and networking. Where each of category contain of definition , function , and component. From it we can find highlight ideals, your work , and category.
4. Relationship
basic of Relationship: if…so, ….if and only if ….
Example: If today is Monday , so 5 + 5 = 10
2 + 2 = 4 if and only if 4 – 2 = 2
The Phenomena of Mathematics Education
Intensi : there are abstraction and idealist, category and networking
Mathematics Thinking according Prof . Katagiri are :
• Attitude
• Method
• Content
There are two kind of mathematics : vertical mathematics or abstract mathematics and horizontal mathematics or konkret mathematics.
1. Qualitative
2. Quantitative
3. Category
4. Relationship
1.Quantitative
Basic of quantitative is
- Plural
- Partial
- Singular ( Object observation psychology is when children knowing about sum)
2. Qualitative
Elementary from qualitative is:
- Universal
- Partial
- Unique
3.Category
Category start from phenomena until noumena.
Phenomena is event in reality , and noumena is event not reality.
Sequence category from:
• Noumena
Category comes from categorization that is:
Noumena
Noumena in subdividing to become reference, knowledge, and idea. In reference there is criteria in by it there are category and networking. Categorized itself still divided into some categories again. For example, definition, function, purpose, component, etc. From altogether that must in highlighting ideas causing yields your work in by it is be exist:
1. Title
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. The power of category
5. The power of networking
6. The relationship between category and networking
7. Conclusion
8. References
Category and networking without highlighting is rubbish.
Phenomena
The phenomena of mathematics education is having initial from intension or attention and sure there are awareness and there are also abstraction, idealisation, category, and networking.
Movement of the different man character of fickle something ( deconstructive ) and also there is permanent ( rutinity ).
The mathematics there are two that is vertical ( abstraction ) and horizontal ( concrete). In mathematics education itself in it there is attitude, method and content which all the things can be interfaced to in mathematics in vertical and also in horizontal.
In this world there is no minimum unique principle there are two principles. Non the principle also is principle. And there is no in this world which is not correlated because the answer told and thought of. that is the power of networking.
• Reference
• Knowledge
• Idea
• Phenomena
Category is one of thinking method. Criteria consist of category and networking. Where each of category contain of definition , function , and component. From it we can find highlight ideals, your work , and category.
4. Relationship
basic of Relationship: if…so, ….if and only if ….
Example: If today is Monday , so 5 + 5 = 10
2 + 2 = 4 if and only if 4 – 2 = 2
The Phenomena of Mathematics Education
Intensi : there are abstraction and idealist, category and networking
Mathematics Thinking according Prof . Katagiri are :
• Attitude
• Method
• Content
There are two kind of mathematics : vertical mathematics or abstract mathematics and horizontal mathematics or konkret mathematics.
Thursday, November 19, 2009
Trauma is an event or a situation experienced by the victims. Traumatic event or experience will be lived differently among individuals with one another, so everyone will have different reactions when facing a traumatic event. Traumatic experience is an event experienced or witnessed by individuals, which threatens the safety of her own.
If something bad happens, it will take time to feel good again. But the recovery effort and support from family and friends can speed your recovery from emotional trauma and psikolgis. Stressful events that allow a traumatic if:
-It happened suddenly
- Was not ready to happen
- Many times there.
- The nearest person intentionally done.
- There was little time
Someone is also possible to be traumatic by the new situation occurs if they had experienced traumatic events before, especially if the trauma occurred earlier in childhood.
Childhood trauma increases the risk of trauma to be dating because of traumatic experiences in childhood can have a strong impact and lasting.
If something bad happens, it will take time to feel good again. But the recovery effort and support from family and friends can speed your recovery from emotional trauma and psikolgis. Stressful events that allow a traumatic if:
-It happened suddenly
- Was not ready to happen
- Many times there.
- The nearest person intentionally done.
- There was little time
Someone is also possible to be traumatic by the new situation occurs if they had experienced traumatic events before, especially if the trauma occurred earlier in childhood.
Childhood trauma increases the risk of trauma to be dating because of traumatic experiences in childhood can have a strong impact and lasting.
Tuesday, November 10, 2009
video I
Video 1 (Mind control)
I control the mind can be grouped into 3 ways, namely:
1. conscious mind control.
2. control the thoughts in the subconscious.
3. biologically control the mind.
Controlling the mind can consciously done through education, good education undertaken at school or in the family circle, through the news coming from newspapers and from telrvisi and radio.
Education provides the propaganda that will control our minds so that we will do something that in accordance with to tell us. Controlling the mind is conscious of doing cognitive way, by way of punishment from the consequences of behavior in doing.
Control the subconscious mind will be undertaken by way of indoctrination, re education, give examples, and reprogramming the mind, our thoughts setekah consciously control it in some time thought to be controlled in its own subconscious.
Controlling the mind is biologically related to psychology. And if the human condition is not properly controlled will cause Pandering (actions that cause the feet and hands to do evil).
The way human mengontrolpikiran interconnected with each other.
Video 2 (challenging behavior)
Challenging behavior is not normal behavior, abnormal behavior. Usually done by someone to protect itself from outside interference. Factors which oppose menyababkan behavior is:
1. biological factors, berhubungsn with feelings, stimulus / sensory.
2. social factors, eg, bored
3. psychological factors, eg sad.
Video 3
The use of learning mathematics dalan implement our education have to do with it and sunggu optimistic, we get sahingga is successful according to what we expect.
Optimism one can realize the beliefs that make the spirit in pandidikan. How does one can think about math, how math is taught to children aged 8 years. Methods and how to ask him to approach the interview.
Video 4
How do I teach the ability / skill and happiness. Happiness is when we establish a close friendship or have close friends, but it's the mental and physical health if a person has a mental health condition can lead to / cause of happiness. In addition to physical and mental health, medical sources at the school padapenerapan if we get a satisfactory performance, then the inner satisfaction that is felt very satisfied, as if getting achievements with class.
Source of happiness that comes from personal success that comes from itself and from the business itself.
Video 5
In a process of learning a person will experience a resistance. Barriers such as how a person's difficulty understanding the material. Starting from his own understanding and to eventually take the decision to ask other people. When we are sure, will get help from others for our difficulties, but others were not able to help. At this stage the thought is feeling hopeless, feeling nothing will be able to help and reluctant to ask others.
Students should do is to actively seek out and understand the material studied. In addition we must be sensitive about tarhadap situation so we do not trouble to seek help solve our problems.
I control the mind can be grouped into 3 ways, namely:
1. conscious mind control.
2. control the thoughts in the subconscious.
3. biologically control the mind.
Controlling the mind can consciously done through education, good education undertaken at school or in the family circle, through the news coming from newspapers and from telrvisi and radio.
Education provides the propaganda that will control our minds so that we will do something that in accordance with to tell us. Controlling the mind is conscious of doing cognitive way, by way of punishment from the consequences of behavior in doing.
Control the subconscious mind will be undertaken by way of indoctrination, re education, give examples, and reprogramming the mind, our thoughts setekah consciously control it in some time thought to be controlled in its own subconscious.
Controlling the mind is biologically related to psychology. And if the human condition is not properly controlled will cause Pandering (actions that cause the feet and hands to do evil).
The way human mengontrolpikiran interconnected with each other.
Video 2 (challenging behavior)
Challenging behavior is not normal behavior, abnormal behavior. Usually done by someone to protect itself from outside interference. Factors which oppose menyababkan behavior is:
1. biological factors, berhubungsn with feelings, stimulus / sensory.
2. social factors, eg, bored
3. psychological factors, eg sad.
Video 3
The use of learning mathematics dalan implement our education have to do with it and sunggu optimistic, we get sahingga is successful according to what we expect.
Optimism one can realize the beliefs that make the spirit in pandidikan. How does one can think about math, how math is taught to children aged 8 years. Methods and how to ask him to approach the interview.
Video 4
How do I teach the ability / skill and happiness. Happiness is when we establish a close friendship or have close friends, but it's the mental and physical health if a person has a mental health condition can lead to / cause of happiness. In addition to physical and mental health, medical sources at the school padapenerapan if we get a satisfactory performance, then the inner satisfaction that is felt very satisfied, as if getting achievements with class.
Source of happiness that comes from personal success that comes from itself and from the business itself.
Video 5
In a process of learning a person will experience a resistance. Barriers such as how a person's difficulty understanding the material. Starting from his own understanding and to eventually take the decision to ask other people. When we are sure, will get help from others for our difficulties, but others were not able to help. At this stage the thought is feeling hopeless, feeling nothing will be able to help and reluctant to ask others.
Students should do is to actively seek out and understand the material studied. In addition we must be sensitive about tarhadap situation so we do not trouble to seek help solve our problems.
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